Professor of History Emeritus
Saint Xavier University
Eighty years ago, on Aug. 6, 1945, the world changed forever when the United States exploded the first atomic bomb, “Little Boy”, over Hiroshima. In an instant, incineration ravaged the city, killing over 140,000 people. Three days later, the “Fat Man” bomb dropped on Nagasaki, killing another 75,000. By year’s end, an estimated 250,000 had died from the blasts, fire, and radiation poisoning.
These acts of war ruptured the moral and existential boundaries of modern civilization. While they marked the end of




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